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JavaScript代码片断分享

2012-07-28 11:36 作者:admin [ ]

一、取URL中的参数

function getParameterByName(name) {
    var match = RegExp('[?&]' + name + '=([^&]*)')
                    .exec(window.location.search);
    return match && decodeURIComponent(match[1].replace(/\+/g, ' '));
}

二、正则分组

var testStr="<div><img src='/a.jpg' alt='' /><span>test</span><img src='/b.jpg' alt='' /><span>TTest</span><img src='/c.png' alt='' /></div>";
var reg=/<img\ssrc='(.*?)'\s+alt=''\s*\/>/g;
var match=reg.exec(testStr),results=[];
while(match != null){
    results.push(match[1]);
    match=reg.exec(testStr);
}
console.log(results);
/*
Array ["/a.jpg", "/b.jpg", "/c.png"]
*/
 

三、为什么parseInt(1/0,19)的结果为18

  1/0的结果是Infinity,所以parseInt(1/0,19)等同于parseInt("Infinity",19),而在19进制中:

 
 19进制       10进制
--------------------
   0            0
   1            1
   2            2
   3            3
   4            4
   5            5
   6            6
   7            7
   8            8
   9            9
   a            10
   b            11
   c            12
   d            13
   e            14
   f             15
   g            16
   h            17
   i             18
 

  i表示18,所以parseInt(1/0,19)的结果为18。

四、jQuery中获取设置checkbox选中状态

  由于在jQuery1.6以后.attr("checked")的返回结果是 checked,所以一般用下面两种方法获取选中状态:

$("#checkboxID").is(":checked");

//jQuery 1.6 +
$("#checkboxID").prop("checked");

  选中checkbox:

 
//jQuery 1.6+
$("#checkboxID").prop("checked", true);
$("#checkboxID").prop("checked", false);

//jQuery 1.5 and below
$('#checkboxID').attr('checked','checked')
$('#checkboxID').removeAttr('checked')
 

五、jQuery中判断一个元素是否存在

if ($(selector).length)

六、用JavaScript对URL进行编码

var myUrl = "http://example.com/index.html?param=1&anotherParam=2";
var myOtherUrl = "http://example.com/index.html?url=" + encodeURIComponent(myUrl);

七、jQuery中event.preventDefault() 与 return false 的区别

 
//Demo1 event.preventDefault()
$('a').click(function (e) {
    // custom handling here

    e.preventDefault();
});

//Demo2 return false
$('a').click(function () {
    // custom handling here

    return false;
};
 

  jQuery中return false相当于同时调用e.preventDefault 和 e.stopPropagation。

  要注意的是,在原生js中,return false仅仅相当于调用了e.preventDefault。

八、JavaScript检查一个字符串是否为空最简单的方法

if (strValue) {
    //do something
}

九、用JavaScript添加和删除class

//Add Class
document.getElementById("MyElement").className += " MyClass";

//Remove Class
document.getElementById("MyElement").className = document.getElementById("MyElement").className.replace(/(?:^|\s)MyClass(?!\S)/,'');

十、在jQuery中取消一个ajax请求

 
var xhr = $.ajax({
    type: "POST",
    url: "test.php",
    data: "name=test",
    success: function(msg){
       alert( msg );
    }
});

//取消请求
xhr.abort()
 

  要注意的是,在ajax请求未响应之前可以用xhr.abort()取消,但如果请求已经到达了服务器端,这样做的结果仅仅是让浏览器不再监听这个请求的响应,但服务器端仍然会进行处理。

十一、JavaScript删除数组中的项 delete vs splice

 
var myArray=["a","b","c"];
delete myArray[0];
for(var i=0,j=myArray.length;i<j;i++){
    console.log(myArray[i]);
    /*
    undefined
    b
    c
    */
}

var myArray2=["a","b","c"];
myArray2.splice(0,1);
for(var i=0,j=myArray2.length;i<j;i++){
    console.log(myArray2[i]);
    /*
    b
    c
    */
}
 

  上面的代码已经说明区别了,一个是设置为undefined,一个是真正的删除了。

十二、JavaScript中16进制与10进制相互转换

var sHex=(255).toString(16);//ff
var iNum=parseInt("ff",16);//255

十三、JavaScript多行字符串

  如何在JavaScript中方便地写一个多行字符串呢,有三种方案,你自己选吧:

 
//one
var testHtml="a"+
"b"+
"c";

//two
var testHtml2="a\
b\
c";

//three
var testHtml3=["a",
"b",
"c"].join("");
 

十四、JavaScript中!!操作符是什么

console.log(!!10);//true
console.log(!!0);//false
console.log(!!"abc");//true
console.log(!!"");//false

  简单地说就是把右侧的值转为bool值

十五、JavaScript实现endsWith

 
String.prototype.endsWith = function(suffix) {
    return this.indexOf(suffix, this.length - suffix.length) !== -1;
};

//or
function endsWith(str, suffix) {
    return str.indexOf(suffix, str.length - suffix.length) !== -1;
}
 

十六、JavaScript中克隆对象

 
function clone(obj) {
    // Handle the 3 simple types, and null or undefined
    if (null == obj || "object" != typeof obj) return obj;

    // Handle Date
    if (obj instanceof Date) {
        var copy = new Date();
        copy.setTime(obj.getTime());
        return copy;
    }

    // Handle Array
    if (obj instanceof Array) {
        var copy = [];
        for (var i = 0, var len = obj.length; i < len; ++i) {
            copy[i] = clone(obj[i]);
        }
        return copy;
    }

    // Handle Object
    if (obj instanceof Object) {
        var copy = {};
        for (var attr in obj) {
            if (obj.hasOwnProperty(attr)) copy[attr] = clone(obj[attr]);
        }
        return copy;
    }

    throw new Error("Unable to copy obj! Its type isn't supported.");
}
 

十七、JavaScript字符与ASCII码间的转换

console.log("\n".charCodeAt(0));//10
console.log(String.fromCharCode(65));//A

十八、JavaScript中浮点数的相等判断不能用 ==

console.log(0.1+0.2 == 0.3);//false
console.log(Math.abs(0.1+0.2 - 0.3) < 0.000001);//true

  如上所示,浮点数相等判断要用差的绝对值小于某一个数来判断。至于原因可以参考这里:http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html

十九、JavaScript中base64编码

 
var Base64 = {

// private property
_keyStr : "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=",

// public method for encoding
encode : function (input) {
    var output = "";
    var chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
    var i = 0;

    input = Base64._utf8_encode(input);

    while (i < input.length) {

        chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
        chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
        chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++);

        enc1 = chr1 >> 2;
        enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);
        enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);
        enc4 = chr3 & 63;

        if (isNaN(chr2)) {
            enc3 = enc4 = 64;
        } else if (isNaN(chr3)) {
            enc4 = 64;
        }

        output = output +
        this._keyStr.charAt(enc1) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc2) +
        this._keyStr.charAt(enc3) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc4);

    }

    return output;
},

// public method for decoding
decode : function (input) {
    var output = "";
    var chr1, chr2, chr3;
    var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
    var i = 0;

    input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, "");

    while (i < input.length) {

        enc1 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
        enc2 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
        enc3 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
        enc4 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));

        chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);
        chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);
        chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4;

        output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1);

        if (enc3 != 64) {
            output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2);
        }
        if (enc4 != 64) {
            output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3);
        }

    }

    output = Base64._utf8_decode(output);

    return output;

},

// private method for UTF-8 encoding
_utf8_encode : function (string) {
    string = string.replace(/\r\n/g,"\n");
    var utftext = "";

    for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) {

        var c = string.charCodeAt(n);

        if (c < 128) {
            utftext += String.fromCharCode(c);
        }
        else if((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) {
            utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192);
            utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
        }
        else {
            utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224);
            utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
            utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
        }

    }

    return utftext;
},

// private method for UTF-8 decoding
_utf8_decode : function (utftext) {
    var string = "";
    var i = 0;
    var c = c1 = c2 = 0;

    while ( i < utftext.length ) {

        c = utftext.charCodeAt(i);

        if (c < 128) {
            string += String.fromCharCode(c);
            i++;
        }
        else if((c > 191) && (c < 224)) {
            c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
            string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
            i += 2;
        }
        else {
            c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
            c3 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+2);
            string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63));
            i += 3;
        }

    }

    return string;
}
}

//encode
Base64.encode("Test"); //VGVzdA==

//decode
Base64.decode("VGVzdA=="); // Test
 

二十、jQuery中each跟map的区别
  each跟map都可以用来遍历Array或Object,区别是each不改变原来的Array或Object,map是操作给定的Array或Object返回一个新Array或Object。Demo:

 
var items = [1,2,3,4];

$.each(items, function() {
  alert('this is ' + this);//alert 1,2,3,4
});

var newItems = $.map(items, function(i) {
  return i + 1;
});
// newItems is [2,3,4,5]
 

  map会占用更多的内存,所以如果只是遍历建议用each。

 

一、JavaScript跨平台事件

  对于跨平台事件我们一般这么写(只例举添加事件):

 
function addEventHandler(oTarget, sEventType, fnHandler){
    if(oTarget.addEventListener){
        oTarget.addEventListener(sEventType,fnHandler,false);
    } else if(oTarget.attachEvent){
        oTarget.attachEvent("on"+sEventType,fnHandler);
    } else{
        oTarget["on"+sEventType]=fnHandler;
    }
}
 

  那么下面这段代码的效果是什么样的呢?

<div id="test">Test</div>
...
var oDiv=document.getElementById("test");
addEventHandler(oDiv,"mouseover",function(){
    alert("over "+this.id);
});

  由于IE的this问题,在IE中果断地弹出了 over undefined,所以跨平台的事件更好的写法是这样的:

 
function addEventHandler(oTarget, sEventType, fnHandler){
    if(oTarget.addEventListener){
        oTarget.addEventListener(sEventType,fnHandler,false);
    } else if(oTarget.attachEvent){
        oTarget.attachEvent("on"+sEventType,function(){
            return fnHandler.call(oTarget,window.event);
        });
    } else{
        oTarget["on"+sEventType]=fnHandler;
    }
}
 

二、合并两个Array并去掉重复项

 
Array.prototype.unique = function() {
    var a = this.concat();
    for(var i=0; i<a.length; ++i) {
        for(var j=i+1; j<a.length; ++j) {
            if(a[i] === a[j])
                a.splice(j, 1);
        }
    }

    return a;
};

//Demo
var array1 = ["a","b"];
var array2 = ["b", "c"];
var array3 = array1.concat(array2).unique();
// ["a","b","c"]
 

三、typeof === "undefined" vs. != null

if(typeof neverDeclared == "undefined") //no errors

if(neverDeclared == null) //throws ReferenceError: neverDeclared is not defined

  so,typeof === "undefined" is better!

四、setTimeout(fn, 0)的意义

  浏览器同时要做很多事,这些事情以队列的方式存在,执行JavaScript只是其中之一,setTimeout(fn, 0)表面上看是立即执行的意思,但实际上只是在浏览器事件队列中添加了一个新的事件,由于队列是先进先出,所以fn会等等到当前队列中的事件执行完后再执行。由于JavaScript的定时器回调函数是异步执行的,所以产生的效果就是等页面上同步事件(包括页面渲染与同步JS代码)执行完之后再执行。

  一个简单的示例:

 
<script type="text/javascript">
    //one
    document.getElementById("imgTest").style.borderBottom="5px solid #000";

    //two
    setTimeout(function(){
        document.getElementById("imgTest").style.borderBottom="5px solid #000";
    }, 0);
</script>
<img src="http://jscode.chinacxy.com/img_lib/m_400_600_01.jpg" id="imgTest" alt=""/>
 

  one会报错,因为页面执行到这里时还没有img,但two却可以。

五、增强版取URL中的参数

 
function getQueryString() {
  var result = {}, queryString = location.search.substring(1),
      re = /([^&=]+)=([^&]*)/g, m;

  while (m = re.exec(queryString)) {
    result[decodeURIComponent(m[1])] = decodeURIComponent(m[2]);
  }

  return result;
}

// demo
var myParam = getQueryString()["myParam"];
 

六、检查一个object是否是jQuery object

if(obj instanceof jQuery)

七、检查一个数是否为整数或浮点数

 
function isInt(n) {
   return typeof n === 'number' && n % 1 == 0;
}

// or ,this support ie3
function isInt(n) {
   return typeof n === 'number' && parseFloat(n) == parseInt(n, 10) && !isNaN(n);
}

function isFloat (n) {
  return n===+n && n!==(n|0);
}
 

八、用JavaScript添加style节点

 
var css = 'h1 { background: red; }',
    head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0],
    style = document.createElement('style');

style.type = 'text/css';
if(style.styleSheet){
    style.styleSheet.cssText = css;
}else{
    style.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));
}
head.appendChild(style);
 

九、如何跳出双重循环

 
function foo ()
{
    dance:
    for(var k = 0; k < 4; k++){
        for(var m = 0; m < 4; m++){
            if(m == 2){
                break dance;
            }
        }
    }
}
 

十、把一个Array追加到另一个Array上

var a=[1,2],b=[3,4,5];

a.push.apply(a,b);

/*a: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]*/

十一、用jQuery把页面上的一个tag换成另一个tag

  如把页面上所有的code换为pre:

 
<code> A </code>
<code> B </code>
<code> C </code>

//change to
<pre> A </pre>
<pre> A </pre>
<pre> A </pre>
 

  jQuery代码:

$('code').contents().unwrap().wrap('<pre/>');

//or
$('code').replaceWith(function(){
    return $("<pre />").append($(this).contents());
});

十二、取数组中的最小值和最大值

 
var arr = new Array();
arr[0] = 100;
arr[1] = 0;
arr[2] = 50;

var min = Math.min.apply(null, arr),
    max = Math.max.apply(null, arr);
 

十三、取两个数组交集

 
/* finds the intersection of 
 * two arrays in a simple fashion.  
 *
 * PARAMS
 *  a - first array, must already be sorted
 *  b - second array, must already be sorted
 *
 * NOTES
 *
 *  Should have O(n) operations, where n is 
 *    n = MIN(a.length(), b.length())
 */
function arrayIntersection(a, b)
{
  var ai=0, bi=0;
  var result = new Array();

  while( ai < a.length && bi < b.length )
  {
     if      (a[ai] < b[bi] ){ ai++; }
     else if (a[ai] > b[bi] ){ bi++; }
     else /* they're equal */
     {
       result.push(a[ai]);
       ai++;
       bi++;
     }
  }

  return result;
}

console.log(arrayIntersection([1,2,3],[2,3,4,5,6]));//[2,3]
 

  注释中已经说明了,传入的数组要已经排过序的。

十四、统计一个字符串中某段子串出现的次数

var temp = "This is a string.";

var count = temp.match(/is/g).length;

十五、方法返回多个值

 
//One
var mValues= function(){  
    var a ="a"; 
    var b = "b";   
    return [a, b];  
};

var values= mValues();
var valOne= values[0];
var valTwo = values[1];

//Two
var mValues= function(){  
    var a= "a";
    var b = "b";    
    return {
        'a': a,
        'b': b
    };  
};

var values= mValues();
var valOne= values.a;
var valTwo = values.b;
 

十六、Array迭代器

 
function createIterator(x) {
    var i = 0;

     return function(){
       return x[i++];
    };
}

var iterator=createIterator(['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']);
var current;
while(current=iterator())
{
    console.log(current);
}
 

  注意,如果数组中有0、false、""、null、NaN迭代器将会停止。

十七、根据日计算年龄

 
function getAge(dateString) {
    var today = new Date();
    var birthDate = new Date(dateString);
    var age = today.getFullYear() - birthDate.getFullYear();
    var m = today.getMonth() - birthDate.getMonth();
    if (m < 0 || (m === 0 && today.getDate() < birthDate.getDate())) {
        age--;
    }
    return age;
}
console.log(getAge("2005,8,1"));//6
 

十八、判断当前页面是否被放入了iframe中

if(self==top){
      //not in iframe
}else{
      //in iframe
}

  这段代码可以用来防止网页被放入iframe中,不过如果别人定义了self和top变量覆盖了浏览器默认值可能会失效。

十九、把arguments转换为Array

var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);

二十、日期格式化
  来源:javascript日期格式化函数,跟C#中的使用方法类似

 
Date.prototype.toString=function(format,loc){
    var time={};
    time.Year=this.getFullYear();
    time.TYear=(""+time.Year).substr(2);
    time.Month=this.getMonth()+1;
    time.TMonth=time.Month<10?"0"+time.Month:time.Month;
    time.Day=this.getDate();
    time.TDay=time.Day<10?"0"+time.Day:time.Day;
    time.Hour=this.getHours();
    time.THour=time.Hour<10?"0"+time.Hour:time.Hour;
    time.hour=time.Hour<13?time.Hour:time.Hour-12;
    time.Thour=time.hour<10?"0"+time.hour:time.hour;
    time.Minute=this.getMinutes();
    time.TMinute=time.Minute<10?"0"+time.Minute:time.Minute;
    time.Second=this.getSeconds();
    time.TSecond=time.Second<10?"0"+time.Second:time.Second;
    time.Millisecond=this.getMilliseconds();
    time.Week=this.getDay();

    var MMMArrEn=["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"];
    var MMMArr=["一月","二月","三月","四月","五月","六月","七月","八月","九月","十月","十一月","十二月"];
    var WeekArrEn=["Sun","Mon","Tue","Web","Thu","Fri","Sat"];
    var WeekArr=["星期日","星期一","星期二","星期三","星期四","星期五","星期六"];

    var oNumber=time.Millisecond/1000;

    if(format!=undefined && format.replace(/\s/g,"").length>0){
        if(loc!=undefined && loc =="en"){
            MMMArr=MMMArrEn.slice(0);
            WeekArr=WeekArrEn.slice(0);
        }
        format=format
            .replace(/yyyy/ig,time.Year)
            .replace(/yyy/ig,time.Year)
            .replace(/yy/ig,time.TYear)
            .replace(/y/ig,time.TYear)
            .replace(/MMM/g,MMMArr[time.Month-1])
            .replace(/MM/g,time.TMonth)
            .replace(/M/g,time.Month)
            .replace(/dd/ig,time.TDay)
            .replace(/d/ig,time.Day)
            .replace(/HH/g,time.THour)
            .replace(/H/g,time.Hour)
            .replace(/hh/g,time.Thour)
            .replace(/h/g,time.hour)
            .replace(/mm/g,time.TMinute)
            .replace(/m/g,time.Minute)
            .replace(/ss/ig,time.TSecond)
            .replace(/s/ig,time.Second)
            .replace(/fff/ig,time.Millisecond)
            .replace(/ff/ig,oNumber.toFixed(2)*100)
            .replace(/f/ig,oNumber.toFixed(1)*10)
            .replace(/EEE/g,WeekArr[time.Week]);
    }
    else{
        format=time.Year+"-"+time.Month+"-"+time.Day+" "+time.Hour+":"+time.Minute+":"+time.Second;
    }
    return format;
}

var d=new Date();
console.log(d.toString());    //2012-7-27 9:26:52
console.log(d.toString(""));    //2012-7-27 9:26:52
console.log(d.toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));    //2012-07-27 09:26:52
console.log(d.toString("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss"));    //2012年07月27日 09:26:52
console.log(d.toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss fff"));    //2012-07-27 09:26:52 237
console.log(d.toString("yyyy年 MMM dd EEE"));    //2012年 七月 27 星期五
console.log(d.toString("yyyy MMM dd EEE","en"));    //2012 Jul 27 Fri